What resuscitation measure is commonly used for newborns who are not breathing at birth?

The appropriate resuscitation measure for newborns who are not breathing at birth is tactile stimulation and rescue breathing. Tactile stimulation involves gentle rubbing of the newborn's back or feet, which often helps to encourage spontaneous breathing. This method is recommended as a first step when a newborn is apneic or has weak respiratory efforts.

If the newborn does not respond to tactile stimulation, rescue breathing can be initiated if trained personnel are available. This step is crucial as it assists in establishing adequate ventilation and oxygenation until more advanced interventions can be initiated if needed.

In contrast, immediate intubation is usually reserved for more severe respiratory distress or if the newborn does not respond to initial resuscitation efforts, and administering epinephrine is typically indicated for cardiac arrest or severe bradycardia, not for initial respiratory failure. Cardiac compression is also not a first-line intervention for newborns who are not breathing; this technique is used in cases of cardiac arrest, which is uncommon at birth without other underlying issues.