What is a common measure taken to reduce complications during a prolonged second stage of labor?

Close monitoring of fetal heart rate during a prolonged second stage of labor is crucial for assessing the well-being of the fetus. This stage, also known as the pushing phase, can be stressful for both the mother and the baby, and prolonged pressure can lead to complications such as fetal distress. By continuously monitoring the fetal heart rate, practitioners can quickly identify if the baby is experiencing stress or hypoxia, which may necessitate interventions to ensure the safety of both the mother and child. This practice allows for timely determination of whether additional actions, such as expedited delivery, are required.

In contrast, immediate episiotomy is often not recommended as a general practice due to its associated risks and potential complications. Encouragement of pushing is a supportive measure but should be balanced with the baby's heart rate status. Limiting maternal movement can create discomfort and impede the natural labor process, and may not help in managing complications effectively.