What does greenish or foul-smelling amniotic fluid indicate?

The presence of greenish or foul-smelling amniotic fluid typically indicates meconium staining. This occurs when the fetus passes meconium – the first stool – into the amniotic fluid before or during labor. The greenish color comes from the meconium itself, which is a thick, sticky substance that can vary in color from greenish to dark brown.

Foul-smelling amniotic fluid can suggest the possibility of an infection, known as chorioamnionitis, which may also be associated with the presence of meconium. It is important to monitor for potential complications, as meconium-stained amniotic fluid can pose risks such as meconium aspiration syndrome in the neonate.

The other options do not relate directly to the color or smell of the amniotic fluid. Nuchal rigidity relates to neck stiffness and neurological issues, placenta previa involves the placenta covering the cervix, and a bloody show refers to the discharge of blood-stained mucus before labor begins. None of these conditions are indicated by changes in the color or odor of amniotic fluid.