What constitutes a normal heart rate for a fetus?

A normal fetal heart rate typically ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute. This range is established based on extensive clinical observations and research, reflecting the heart's normal physiological response during pregnancy. The fetal heart rate can be influenced by various factors, including fetal activity, maternal position, and external stimuli, but values within this range indicate a healthy and well-perfused fetus. Monitoring the heart rate is crucial during labor and delivery, as deviations from this norm can suggest complications that may require medical intervention.

The other ranges provided do not align with standard medical guidelines for normal fetal heart rates. Values below or above the established range may indicate potential issues such as fetal distress or inadequate oxygenation, necessitating further assessment and appropriate management.