What are the risks associated with a prolonged second stage of labor?

A prolonged second stage of labor, which is defined as the period of time from full dilation of the cervix to the delivery of the baby, is associated with several significant risks for both the mother and the fetus. These risks include increased maternal morbidity, such as exhaustion, severe perineal tears, and complications related to interventions (like vacuum extraction or forceps) that may become necessary. Additionally, the fetus may experience increased risk for hypoxia or other complications due to prolonged pressure on the umbilical cord or other factors.

While the second stage typically sees contraction effectiveness, prolonged labor can lead to decreased effectiveness over time. Maternal fatigue can increase as time goes on, negatively impacting her ability to push effectively. Instead of a higher likelihood of successful vaginal delivery, the extended duration may necessitate interventions. Therefore, increased chances of complications are the primary concern with a prolonged second stage of labor.